The Reid Commission led by Lord William Reid was formed to draft the constitution Although enshrining concepts such as federalism and a constitutional monarchy the proposed constitution also contained provisions protecting special rights for the Malays such as quotas in admission to higher education and the civil service and making Islam the official religion of the federation It also made Malay the official language of the nation although the right to vernacular education in Chinese and Tamil would be protected Although the Tunku and the Malay rulers had asked the Reid Commission to ensure that "in an independent Malaya all nationals should be accorded equal rights privileges and opportunities and there must not be discrimination on grounds of race and creed," the Malay privileges which many in UMNO backed were cited as necessary by the Reid Commission as a form of affirmative action that would eventually be phased out These measures were included as Articles 3 152 and 153 of the Constitution. Data scaling Ghana between 1957 and 1960 Hainanese chicken rice is considered one of the national dishes of Singapore. Mountbatten inspecting Royal Navy sailors Historical background! 8.1 Ice cream sandwich Miscellaneous A sovereign or head of state who functions as the nominal or legal and constitutional holder of executive power and holds numerous reserve powers but whose daily duties mainly consist of performing ceremonial functions Examples include Queen Elizabeth II the Governors-General in Commonwealth realms or the presidents of many countries and state or provincial governors in federal systems Exceptions to this are Ireland and Israel whose presidents are de jure and de facto ceremonial and the latter possesses no reserve powers whatsoever. Market open 1:00 pm 5:00 pm The Tun Razak government announced the New Economic Policy (NEP) in 1971 Its stated goal was to "eventually eradicate poverty. irrespective of race" through a "rapidly expanding economy" which emphasised to increase the Malays' share in the national economy to a reasonable portion between all the races The NEP targeted a 30 per cent Malay share of the economy by 1990 The government contended that this would lead to a "just society" ("Masyarakat Adil") the latter slogan being used to promote acceptance of the policy Quotas in education and the civil service that the Constitution had explicitly provided for were expanded by the NEP which also mandated government interference in the private sector For instance 30% of all shares in initial public offerings (IPOs) would be disbursed by the government to selective Bumiputras The old civil service hiring quota of 4 Malays for every non-Malay's was effectively disregarded in practice; between 1969 and 1973 98% of all new government employees were Malay Five new universities were opened under the NEP two of which were targeted to focus on the poor Malays and Muslims citizens. Singapore has six autonomous local universities namely the National University of Singapore Nanyang Technological University Singapore Management University Singapore University of Technology & Design Singapore Institute of Technology and Singapore University of Social Sciences.

. The international zone within the city of Tangier in North Africa was approximately 373 km2 (144 sq mi) It was at first under the joint administration of France Spain and the United Kingdom plus later Portugal Italy Belgium the Netherlands Sweden and the United States The international zone was initially attached to Morocco It then became a French-Spanish protectorate from 1923 until the 29 of October 1956 when it was reintegrated into the state of Morocco, 2 divisions in Japan (Imperial Guard plus one other), Throughout this period the Malayan Emergency had been on-going The Malayan Races Liberation Army (MRLA) supported by the Malayan Communist Party (MCP) committed acts of terror such as tearing down farms disrupting transportation and communication networks attacking police stations and so forth Their stated goal was the end of colonialism in Malaya The British declared the MCP along with several left-wing political groups illegal in 1948 In 1955 the Alliance government together with the British High Commissioner declared an amnesty for the communist insurgents who surrendered Representatives from the Alliance government also met with leaders of the MCP in an attempt to resolve the conflict peacefully as their manifesto in the election stated Chin Peng the MCP Secretary-General insisted that the MCP be allowed to contest elections and be declared a legal political party as a pre-condition to laying down arms However the Tunku rejected this leading to an impasse. .