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There are also other skills certification through part-time apprenticeship courses conducted jointly by ITE and industrial companies In addition trade associations have been set up for workers to raise their quality of work which in turn benefits industries as a whole The Creative Craftsman Apprenticeship Programme was launched to develop a pool of skilled local carpenters for the Singapore furniture industry. Election by electoral colleges or sub-national legislatures (such as the Indian Rajya Sabha), Originally Javan wildlife supported a rich biodiversity where numbers of endemic species of flora and fauna flourished; such as the Javan rhinoceros, Javan banteng Javan warty pig (tiger) Javan hawk-eagle Javan peafowl Javan silvery gibbon Javan lutung Java mouse-deer Javan rusa and Javan leopard With over 450 species of birds and 37 endemic species Java is a birdwatcher's paradise. There are about 130 freshwater fish species in Java. There are also several endemic amphibian species in Java including 5 species of tree frogs; ?Russian ruble 250,000 Special Garrison Force (Billion) GNI 7.2 Heliports In Singapore food is viewed as crucial to national identity and a unifying cultural thread Singaporean literature declares eating a national pastime and food a national obsession Food is a frequent topic of conversation among Singaporeans Religious dietary strictures do exist; Muslims do not eat pork and Hindus do not eat beef and there is also a significant group of vegetarians/vegans People from different communities often eat together while being mindful of each other's culture and choosing food that is acceptable for all.[citation needed]. The IEA has developed an application for working with data from TIMSS and other IEA large-scale assessments called the "IEA International Database (IDB) Analyzer" This application allows researchers to combine data files and facilitates some types of statistical analysis (such as computing means percentages percentiles correlations and estimating single level multiple linear regression) The application takes into account the complex sample structure of the databases when calculating the statistics and their standard errors It also allows researchers to estimate achievement scores and their standard errors, Military Contents Second Listed Exchange in Asia-Pacific, National examinations are standardised across all schools with a test taken after each stage After the first six years of education students take the Primary School Leaving Examination (PSLE), which determines their placement at secondary school At the end of the secondary stage GCE "O"-Level or "N"-level exams are taken; at the end of the following pre-university stage the GCE "A"-Level exams are taken. Some schools have a degree of freedom in their curriculum and are known as autonomous schools for secondary education level and above. 9 Languages 1 Background Main article: Special Assistance Plan 2018 Review of corporate governance code.

6.4 Swap Criticism In general bilateral relations with other ASEAN members are strong; however disagreements have arisen and relations with neighbouring Malaysia and Indonesia have sometimes been strained. Malaysia and Singapore have clashed over the delivery of fresh water to Singapore and access by the Singapore Armed Forces to Malaysian airspace. Border issues exist with Malaysia and Indonesia and both have banned the sale of marine sand to Singapore over disputes about Singapore's land reclamation. Some previous disputes such as the Pedra Branca dispute have been resolved by the International Court of Justice. Piracy in the Strait of Malacca has been a cause of concern for all three countries. Close economic ties exist with Brunei and the two share a pegged currency value through a Currency Interchangeability Agreement between the two countries which makes both Brunei dollar and Singapore dollar banknotes and coins legal tender in either country. Main article: Water supply and sanitation in Singapore The Reid Commission led by Lord William Reid was formed to draft the constitution Although enshrining concepts such as federalism and a constitutional monarchy the proposed constitution also contained provisions protecting special rights for the Malays such as quotas in admission to higher education and the civil service and making Islam the official religion of the federation It also made Malay the official language of the nation although the right to vernacular education in Chinese and Tamil would be protected Although the Tunku and the Malay rulers had asked the Reid Commission to ensure that "in an independent Malaya all nationals should be accorded equal rights privileges and opportunities and there must not be discrimination on grounds of race and creed," the Malay privileges which many in UMNO backed were cited as necessary by the Reid Commission as a form of affirmative action that would eventually be phased out These measures were included as Articles 3 152 and 153 of the Constitution. Several non-sovereign cities enjoy a high degree of autonomy and are sometimes considered city-states Hong Kong and Macau along with independent members of the United Arab Emirates most notably Dubai and Abu Dhabi are often cited as such. .