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After a brief survey of the Karimun Islands on 29 January 1819 he established a post at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula It was established that there was no Dutch presence on the island of Singapore Johore also no longer had any control of the area so contact was made with the Temenggong Abdul Rahman The contacts were friendly and Raffles knowledgeable about the muddled political situation took advantage to provide a rudimentary treaty between the nominal chiefs of the area that called for the exclusivity of trade and the British protection of the area Members of Raffles' party surveyed the island and proceeded to request the presence of the sultan or whoever at the time had supreme nominal power to sign a formal treaty while Major Farquhar was ordered to do the same in Rhio (Riau) A few days later the formal treaty was signed by a man who claimed to be the "lawful sovereign of the whole of territories extending from Lingga and Johor to Mount Muar." This man was Hussein Shah who although having had no previous contact with the British had certainly heard of the might of the British navy and was in no position to argue against the terms However Raffles was able to charm the man and to reassure him that the Dutch posed no threat in the area Hussein Shah had been the crown Prince of Johor but while he was away in Pahang to get married his father died and his younger brother was made sultan supported by some of the court officials and the Dutch To circumvent the situation of having to negotiate with a sultan influenced by the Dutch Raffles decided to recognise on behalf of the British Crown Hussein Shah as being the rightful ruler of Johor! . When dining out Singaporeans often eat at hawker centres coffee shops or food courts rather than restaurants due to convenience a wider range of options and affordability These hawker centres are widespread cheap and usually feature dozens of stalls in a single complex with each stall offering its own speciality dishes Well-known hawker centres among tourists include Lau Pa Sat and Newton Food Centre Coffee shops are non-air conditioned versions of food courts and are commonly found island-wide usually at the bottom of blocks of HDB flats Hawker centres are the place where people can experience all kinds of different cultural food in one place Hawker centres or open air food courts have come to define Singaporean food culture Popular markets like Old Airport Road Food Centre in Geylang Golden Mile Food Centre on Beach Road and Maxwell Road Food Centre in Chinatown offer the best of Chinese Malaysian and Indian cooking melded into foods that are uniquely Singaporean. The water pipeline from Malaysia shown here at the Johor-Woodlands causeway supplies 40% of Singapore's water supply; Drinks and beverages 9 External links, The national flag along with banners flown at Istana Park, 3 See also British colonisation. Raffles was survived by his second wife Sophia Hull and daughter Ella and predeceased by his other four children in Bencoolen. Ella died in 1840 aged nineteen Sophia remained at Highwood House until her death in 1858 at the age of 72 Her tomb and memorial may be seen in St Paul's Church graveyard Mill Hill close to the rear door of the church All his other children remained buried overseas Thirty-three years after his death Raffles's substantial collection of Indonesian antiquities and ethnography was donated to the British Museum by his nephew Rev William Charles Raffles Flint. Since 1963 Creative writing The IB Primary Years Programme (PYP) was piloted in 1996 in 30 primary schools on different continents and the first PYP school was authorised in 1997, with 87 authorised schools in 43 countries within five years.

BN was also challenged in Sarawak after the 1974 election which saw the Sarawak National Party (SNAP) led by James Wong become tied with the DAP as the most important opposition party in Parliament both of them holding nine seats each SNAP had campaigned against BN on a platform of opposing Chief Minister Abdul Rahman Ya'akub's pro-Malay policies charging them with alienating the rural indigenous natives of Sarawak such as the Iban SNAP had been expelled from the Alliance in 1965 for supporting increased autonomy for Sarawak which was impossible to attain as Sarawak has already state their claim prior to their agreement in joining the Federation of Malaysia After the election results were released Abdul Rahman ordered the detention of James Wong under the Sedition Act SNAP elected a new leader Leo Moggie who secured the release of Wong and the entry of SNAP into BN in 1976. ; ; Singapore business directory HKD (HK$), Mixed Level[b] Government 4 The head of government usually called the prime minister or premier will ideally have the support of a majority in the responsible house and must in any case be able to ensure the existence of no absolute majority against the government If the parliament passes a motion of no confidence or refuses to pass an important bill such as the budget then the government must either resign so that a different government can be appointed or seek a parliamentary dissolution so that new general elections may be held in order to re-confirm or deny the government's mandate.