A 15th-century manuscript copy of the Ptolemy world map reconstituted from Ptolemy's Geography (circa AD 150) indicating the countries of "Serica" and "Sinae" (China) at the extreme east beyond the island of "Taprobane" (Sri Lanka oversized) and the "Aurea Chersonesus" (Malay Peninsula), Climate change denial Education for primary secondary and tertiary levels is mostly supported by the state All institutions private and public must be registered with the Ministry of Education. English is the language of instruction in all public schools and all subjects are taught and examined in English except for the "mother tongue" language paper. While the term "mother tongue" in general refers to the first language internationally in Singapore's education system it is used to refer to the second language as English is the first language. Students who have been abroad for a while or who struggle with their "Mother Tongue" language are allowed to take a simpler syllabus or drop the subject, The history of common water supply in Singapore began with the construction of the MacRitchie Reservoir which was built by the British in 1866 The Lower Peirce Reservoir and the Upper Seletar Reservoir were completed in 1913 and 1949 respectively in order to supply the rapidly modernising colonial city with sufficient water In 1927 the municipal leadership of Singapore and Sultan Ibrahim of the state and territories of Johor in neighboring Malaya signed an agreement that allowed Singapore to rent land in Johor and use its water for free The Municipal Water Department under David J Murnane began importing raw water from Gunong Pulai in 1927 and filtered water on 31 December 1929 The water filtration and pipeline capacity from Gunong Pulai was doubled in 1939. Another pipeline was built to return a smaller quantity of treated water to Johor.[citation needed] During the Battle of Singapore in 1942 the Causeway that links Singapore with Malaya and that carries the pipeline was blown up by retreating British troops thus unintentionally destroying the pipeline which left Singapore with water reserves that could last at most two weeks. According to Lee Kuan Yew this was one of his motives to envision water self-sufficiency for Singapore later when he became the city-state's Prime Minister; 6 Common dishes and snacks Until the 1990s few European countries used national tests In the 1990s ten countries / regions introduced standardised assessment and since the early 2000s ten more followed suit By 2009 only five European education systems had no national student assessments, Cloud cover and precipitation, House of Representatives Monarchy Hainanese chicken rice is considered one of the national dishes of Singapore.
! Although volcanoes are technically part of the lithosphere which itself is part of the climate system the IPCC explicitly defines volcanism as an external forcing agent. . Singapore is the pricing centre and leading oil trading hub in Asia The oil industry makes up 5 per cent of Singapore's GDP with Singapore being one of the top three export refining centres in the world In 2007 it exported 68.1 million tonnes of oil The oil industry has led to the promotion of the chemical industry as well as oil and gas equipment manufacturing. Singapore has 70 per cent of the world market for both jack-up rigs and for the conversion of Floating Production Storage Offloading units It has 20 per cent of the world market for ship repair and in 2008 the marine and offshore industry employed almost 70,000 workers, History Hong Kong a former British crown colony and currently a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China has a unicameral Legislative Council While the Legislative Councils in British Australasian and North American colonies were unelected upper houses and some of them had since abolished themselves the Legislative Council of Hong Kong has remained the sole chamber and had in 1995 evolved into a fully elected house yet only part of the seats are returned by universal suffrage Responsible government was never granted during British colonial rule and the Governor remained the head of government until the transfer of sovereignty in 1997 when the role was replaced by the Chief Executive Secretaries had remained to be chosen by the Chief Executive not from the Legislative Council and their appointments need not be approved by the Legislative Council Although essentially more presidential than parliamentary the Legislative Council had inherited many elements of the Westminster system including parliamentary powers privileges and immunity and the right to conduct inquiries amongst others Minutes are known as Hansards and the theme colour of the meeting chamber is red as in other upper houses Government secretaries and other officials are seated on the right hand side of the President in the chamber The Chief Executive may dissolve the Legislative Council under certain conditions and is obliged to resign e.g when a re-elected Legislative Council passes again a bill that he or she had refused to sign, Since 2010 the government has opened three general hospitals and three community hospitals to cater to the increasing demand for hospital beds and plans to open four new hospitals between 2020 and 2030 in addition it has invested in the redevelopment and expansion of existing hospitals as of April 2017 there were approximately 10,500 beds in the public health system. Type of School Number of schools (2017) In 1817 Raffles wrote and published the History of Java, describing the history of the island from ancient times as well as its geography flora and fauna. Monaco National central banks play an important role in the foreign exchange markets They try to control the money supply inflation and/or interest rates and often have official or unofficial target rates for their currencies They can use their often substantial foreign exchange reserves to stabilize the market Nevertheless the effectiveness of central bank "stabilizing speculation" is doubtful because central banks do not go bankrupt if they make large losses as other traders would There is also no convincing evidence that they actually make a profit from trading.
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